Philippine-American War

Chronology of Events Leading to the Philippine-American War
18 MayPrime Minister Sagasta formed the new Spanish cabinet. U.S. President McKinley ordered a military expedition, headed by Major General Wesley Merritt, to complete the elimination of Spanish forces in the Philippines, to occupy the islands, and to provide security and order to the inhabitants.
19 MayEmilio Aguinaldo returned to Manila, the Philippine Islands, from exile in Hong Kong. The United States had invited him back from exile, hoping that Aguinaldo would rally the Filipinos against the Spanish colonial government.
24 MayWith himself as the dictator, Emilio Aguinaldo established a dictatorial government, replacing the revolutionary government, due to the chaotic conditions he found in the Philippines upon his return.
25 MayFirst U.S. troops were sent from San Francisco to the Philippine Islands. Thomas McArthur Anderson (1836-1917) commanded the vanguard of the Philippine Expeditionary Force (Eighth Army Corps), which arrived at Cavite, Philippine Islands on June 1.
27 MayU.S. Navy, under Admiral William Thompson Sampson and Commodore Winfield Scott Schley, formally blockaded the port of Santiago de Cuba.
28 MayGeneral William Rufus Shafter, U.S. Army, received orders to mobilize his forces in Tampa, Florida for the attack on Cuba.
June-OctoberU.S. business and government circles united around a policy of retaining all or part of the Philippines
3 JuneFirst contact of the commanders of the U.S. Marines and leaders of the Cuban Liberation Army, aboard the armored cruiser U.S.S. New York at which the revolutionary forces provided detailed information for the campaign.
9 JuneU.S. Admiral William Thompson Sampson sailed to Guantánamo Bay.
10 June U.S. Marines land at Guantánamo, Cuba.
11 June McKinley administration reactivated debate in Congress on Hawaiian annexation, using the argument that "we must have Hawaii to help us get our share of China."
12 June Philippines proclaim independence. German squadron under Admiral Diederichs arrives at Manila.
13 JuneThe Rough Riders sailed from Tampa, Florida bound for Santiago de Cuba.
14 JuneMcKinley administration decided not to return the Philippine Islands to Spain.
15 June Anti-war American Anti-Imperialist League assembles. Admiral Cámara's squadron received orders to relieve Spanish garrison in Philippines.
Congress passed the Hawaii annexation resolution, 209-91. On July 6, the U.S. Senate affirmed the measure.
American Anti-Imperialist League was organized in opposition to the annexation of the Philippine Islands. Among its members were Andrew Carnegie, Mark Twain, William James, David Starr Jordan, and Samuel Gompers. George S. Boutwell, former secretary of the treasury and Massachusetts senator, served as president of the League.
Admiral Dewey's defeat of the Spanish fleet at Manila Bay on May 1, 1898 ignited impassioned nationalistic feelings in Spain. Spanish Admiral Manuel de la Cámara y Libermoore's squadron received orders to relieve the Spanish garrison in the Philippine Islands. His fleet consisted of the battleship Pelayo, the armored cruiser Carlos V, the cruisers Rápido and Patriota, the torpedo boats Audaz, Osado, and Proserpina, and the transports Isla de Panay, San Francisco, Cristóbal Colón, Covadonga, and Buenos Aires.
18 JuneU.S. Secretary of the Navy John D. Long ordered Commodore William T. Sampson to create a new squadron, the Eastern Squadron, for possible raiding and bombardment missions along the coasts of Spain.
20 June Spanish authorities surrendered Guam to Captain Henry Glass and his forces on the cruiser U.S.S. Charleston.
The main U.S. force appeared off Santiago de Cuba, with more than 16,200 soldiers and various material in 42 ships. A total of 153 ships of the U.S. forces assembled off of the harbor.
Lieutenant General Calixto García (Cuba) and Admiral Sampson and General Shafter (US) met in El Aserradero (south coast of Oriente Province, Cuba) to complete the general strategy of the campaign. Cuban forces occupied positions west, northwest and east of Santiago de Cuba.
22 June U.S. General Shafter's troops land at Daiquirí, Cuba.
27 JuneLieutenant General Calixto García requested that Tomás Estrada Palma and the Cuban Committee ask President McKinely to recognize the Cuban Council of Government.
1 July U.S. and Cuban troops took El Viso Fort, the town of El Caney, and San Juan Heights. Spanish General Vara del Rey died in the fighting. San Juan Hill was taken at the same time, with the help of the Rough Riders under Teddy Roosevelt and Leonard Wood at the battle on Kettle Hill. These victories opened the way to Santiago de Cuba. General Duffield, with 3,000 soldiers, took the Aguadores Fort at Santiago de Cuba. Spanish General Linares and Navy Captain Joaquín Bustamante died in battle.
2 July Admiral Cervera and the Spanish fleet prepared to leave Santiago Bay.
3 JulyThe Spanish fleet attempt to leave the bay was halted as the U.S. squadron under Admiral Schley destroyed the Spanish destroyer Furor, the torpedo boat Plutón, and the armored cruisers Infanta María Teresa, Almirante Oquendo, Vizcaya, and Cristóbal Colón. The Spanish lost all their ships, 350 dead, and 160 wounded.
7 July U.S. President McKinley signed the Hawaii annexation resolution, following its passage in the U.S. House of Representatives and the Senate.
8 JulyU.S. acquired Hawaii.
15 JulySpanish forces under General Toral capitulated to U.S. forces at Santiago de Cuba.
17 July Santiago surrenders to U.S. troops.
18 July The Spanish government, through the French Ambassador to the United States, Jules Cambon, initiated a message to President McKinley to suspend the hostilities and to start the negotiations to end the war. Duque de Almodóvar del Río (Juan Manuel Sánchez y Gutiérrez de Castro), Spanish Minister of State, directed a telegram to the Spanish Ambassador in Paris charging him to solicit the good offices of the French Government to negotiate a suspension of hostilities as a preliminary to final negotiations.
U.S. General Leonard Wood was named military governor of Santiago de Cuba.
Clara Barton of the Red Cross cared for wounded soldiers at Santiago de Cuba.
25 JulyGeneral Wesley Merritt, commander of Eighth Corps, U.S. Expeditionary Force, arrived in the Philippine Islands.
26 JulyFrench Government contacted the United States Government regarding the call for suspension of hostilities at the request of the Spanish Government.
28 JulyDuque de Almodóvar del Río called for the U.S. annexation of Cuba.
U.S. officials instruct General Shafter to return troops immediately to the United States to prevent an outbreak of yellow fever.
30 JulyU.S. President McKinley and his Cabinet submitted to Ambassador Cambon a counter-proposal to the Spanish request for ceasefire.
2 AugustSpain accepted the U.S. proposals for peace, with certain reservations regarding the Philippine Islands. McKinley called for a preliminary protocol from Spain before suspension of hostilities. That document was used as the basis for discussion between Spain and the United States at the Treaty of Peace in Paris.
11 AugustU.S. Secretary of State Day and French Ambassador Cambon, representing Spain, negotiated the Protocol of Peace.
12 August Peace protocol that ended all hostilities between Spain and the United States in the war fronts of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines was signed in Washington, D.C.
13 August Manila falls to U.S. troops.
14 AugustCapitulation was signed at Manila and U.S. General Wesley Merritt established a military government in the city, with himself serving as first military governor.
President of the Governing Council of the Republic of Cuba Bartolomé Masó called for elections of Revolutionary Representatives to meet in Assembly.
15 AugustU.S. General Arthur MacArthur appointed military commandant of Manila and its suburbs.
12 SeptemberThe U.S (General Wade, General Butler and Admiral Sampson) and Spanish Military Commission (Generals Segundo Cabo and González, Admiral Vicente Manterola, and Doctor Rafael Montoro) met in Havana, Cuba, to discuss the evacuation of Spanish forces from the island.
13 SeptemberThe Spanish Cortes (legislature) ratified the Protocol of Peace.
15 SeptemberThe inaugural session of the Congress of the First Philippine Republic, also known as the Malolos Congress, was held at Barasoain Church in Malolos, province of Bulacan, for the purpose of drafting the constitution of the new republic.
16 SeptemberThe Spanish and U.S. Commissioners for the Peace Treaty were appointed. U.S. Commissioners were William R. Day (U.S. Secretary of State), William P. Frye (President pro tempore of Senate, Republican-Maine), Whitelaw Reid, George Gray (Senator, Democrat- Delaware), and Cushman K. Davis (Chairman, Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Republican-Minnesota). The Spanish Commissioners were Eugenio Montero Ríos (President, Spanish Senate), Buenaventura Abarzuza (Senator), José de Garnica y Diaz (Associate Justice of the Supreme Court), Wenceslao Ramírez de Villa Urrutia (Envoy Extraordinary), and Rafael Cerero y Saenz (General of the Army).
William R. Day resigned as U.S. Secretary of State and was succeeded by John Hay.
22 SeptemberWhen Major General Calixto García and his Cuban forces arrived in Santiago de Cuba, General Leonard Wood formally recognized his efforts in the war since General Shafter had failed to recognize the Cuban leader's participation in the capitulation of Santiago.
26 September Commission established under U.S. General Grenville Dodge to investigate mismanagement by U.S. War Department.
1 OctoberThe Spanish and United States Commissioners convened their first meeting in Paris to reach a final Treaty of Peace.
25 OctoberMcKinley instructed the U.S. peace delegation to insist on the annexation of the Philippines in the peace talks.
10 November
U.S.S. Maine
In accord with the Assembly of Representatives of the Revolution, a commission of Major General Calixto García, Colonel Manuel Sanguily, Dr. Antonio González Lanuza, General José Miguel Gómez and Colonel José R. Villalón met to seek support for needs of the Liberation Army and to establish a Cuban government. The U.S. did not recognize this commission. The U.S. instead stated that the U.S. had declared war on Spain and all of its possessions because of the destruction of the battleship U.S.S. Maine and other acts against the United States.
26 NovemberCaptain General Ramón Blanco y Erenas resigned as Governor General of Cuba.
28 NovemberThe Spanish Commission for Peace accepted the United States' demands in the Peace Treaty.
29 NovemberThe Philippine revolutionary congress approved a constitution for the new Philippine Republic.
10 DecemberRepresentatitves of Spain and the United States signed the Treaty of Peace in Paris. Spain renounced all rights to Cuba and allowed an independent Cuba, ceded Puerto Rico and the island of Guam to the United States, gave up its possessions in the West Indies, and sold the Philippine Islands, receiving in exchange $20,000,000.
21 DecemberPresident McKinley issued his Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation, ceding the Philippines to the United States, and instructing the American occupying army to use force, as necessary, to impose American sovereignity over the Philippines even before he obtained Senate ratification of the peace treaty with Spain.
23 December Guam placed under control of U.S. Department of the Navy.
1899
1 JanuaryEmilio Aguinaldo was declared president of the new Philippine Republic, following the meeting of a constitutional convention. United States authorities refused to recognize the new government.
Spanish forces left Cuba.
17 January U.S. claims Wake Island for use in cable link to Philippines. U.S. Commander Edward Taussig, U.S.S. Bennington, landed on the island and claimed it for the United States.
21 JanuaryThe constitution of the Philippine Republic, the Malolos Constitution, was promulgated by the followers of Emilio Aguinaldo.
4 February The Philippine Insurrection began as the Philippine Republic declared war on the United States forces in the Philippine Islands, following the killing of three Filipino soldiers by U.S. forces in a suburb of Manila.
6 FebruaryU.S. Senate ratified the Treaty of Paris by a vote of 52 to 27.
19 MarchThe Queen regent of Spain, María Cristina, signed the Treaty of Paris, breaking the deadlock in the Spanish Cortes.
11 AprilThe Treaty of Paris was proclaimed.
2 June Spanish forces at Baler, Philippine Islands, surrender to U.S.
1901
23 MarchLed by General Frederick Funston, U.S. forces captured Emilio Aguinaldo on Palanan, Isabela Province. Later, he declared allegiance to the United States.
1902
JulyWar ended in the Philippines, with more than 4,200 U.S. soldiers, 20,000 Filipino soldiers, and 200,000 Filipino civilians dead.

Ang Kilusang Propaganda

Ang Kilusang Propaganda

Ito ay isang kampanya upang matamo ang mga pagbabago sa mapayapang paraan.

Layunin:

1. Mapanglagaan ang karapatan ng mga Pilipino sa ilalim ng pamamahala ng mga Kastila.

2. Asimilasyon ang hinihingi ng mga repormista hindi pagsasaril.

3. Hiniling na maibalik ang representasyon ng Pilipinas sa Cortes ng Espanya.

Ito ay ang pagbiggay ng katayuan sa Pilipinas bilang isang regular na probinsya ng Espanya, upang matamasa ng mga Pilipino ang karapatan bilang mamamayang Kastila.

Armas sa pakikipaglaban:

1. Pluma, upang iparating ang kanilang hinihiling sa pamamagitan ng mga nobela, polyeto, at aklat na kanilang sinusulat.

Ang karumihan ng waterways ay hindi lamang makikita sa Metro Manila kundi pati narin sa Ilocos... can you see that? estero sa Laoag city. Ano masabi mo?

Magtulungan upang mapangalagaan ang ating kalikasan.

Sino ang may kasalanan?

Byaheng Iscolta, infront of Manila Post Office

Hindi lang siya!

Ito si Ate Joy ang mabait at masipag nating OMNI, isa s'ya sa mga nagpapanatili ng kalinisan sa ating paaralan. Ngunit, hindi lamang siya ang may responsiblidad na gawin iyon kundi IKAW na mag-aaral ng BNAHS at ako na guro. Ang ibig sabihin, hindi lamang siya ang may tungkuling pangalagaan ang PAARALAN kundi LAHAT TAYO! Maging responsableng mag-aaral sitain ang mga nagtatapon ng basura sa labas at loob ng classroom, damputin ang nakikitang kalat at isumbong sa principal kung ayaw sumunod.

Simulan mo na!

Ako'y nagagalak sa mga ipinakita n'yong pagmamalasakit sa ating kapaligiran. Salamat at naunawaan n'yo ang kahalagahan nito sa buhay natin at ang magiging epekto sa pangkalahatan. Sana'y 'wag lang tayo puro salita, ipakita natin ang sincerity sa pagtulong at suporta dito, simulan mo sa loob ng classroom n'yo at sa sarili nyong pamamahay. 'Yon ang tunay na nagmamalasakit.

Mam Bautista

ComiC Mode ^^

Malinis nga ba?

Ano ang masabi mo?

Ang Munting Tahanan

Ito si ate mula sa probinsya, pumunta ng Manila sa pag-aakalang mapaganda ang buhay. Natrabaho bilang katulong at nag-asawa ng pedicab driver walang tirahan at makain, okay na kahit saan maabutan ng ulan. Isinisisi ang kahirapan sa pamahalaan ngunit ang tanong, sino ang higit na may kasalanan kung bakit ka siya nagkakaganyan? talaga bang ang pamahalaan?

Ito naman si ate ang bahay ay sirang van, pinagkasya ang pamilya makaahon lamang. Ang nagsisilbing palikuran ang katabing dagat. Ilang buhay pa ang mayroon nito sa Manila? Ito ba ay tanda ng kahirapan o katamaran?

ito ang epekto ng mga basura na ating itintapon

handa ka na ba sa posibleng mangyari???

Nitong January 31,2010 sa bulungan, Paranaque. Ang mga tao ay hindi naalarma sa kinahihinatnan ng ating likas na yaman, lalo na ang ating katubigan. Ang katubigan natin ang ating pinagkukunan natin ng ating pangangailangan sa pang araw-araw, at ng ating iniinom. Alam ba natin kung ano ang nagiging epekto nito sa ating katubigan???
Sa ating kaalaman ano ba ang Polution, Koruption, over population, ano ba ang epekto nito, at ano ang mga posibleng mangyari??? Ang polusyon ay ang pagiging marumi ng kapaligiran o, sa ibang pakahulugan, kadumihan ng kaisipan. Sa pangkapaligiran, kabilang sa uri ng polusyon ang polusyon ng hangin at polusyon ng tubig. Ang koruption naman ay ang pagsasamantala ng mga nasa katunkulan, eh ang over population naman ay ang pagdami ng tao at ang pagdami ng volume ng basura at kakulangan ng espasyo ng tirahan, ang epekto nito ay malaki sapagkat hindi natin isinasaayos ang ating sarili sa pamamagitan ng hindi paggamit ng plastic at sapat na kaalaman sa pagbuo ng pamilya. Ang ug nayan ng tatlong ito ay malaki satin sapagkat hindi natin alam na ang mga ito ay ang nagpapalala ng pagbabago sa ating pang araw-araw na Gawain.

Epekto ng Basura: NAKAGIGIMBAL

Epekto ng Basura:
NAKAGIGIMBAL

Ang mga basura ay nagpapaalala lang sa atin na dapat tayo ay dapat na umaksyon sa nag hihingalong mundo natin!!!! ‘yan ang epekto ng hindi disiplinadong mamayan ng nagpapalala ng sitwasyon natin, Tulad lamang nung bumagyo syempre bumaha, tapos ang lahat ng basura ay aanurin. Ang mga inanod na mga basura halos plastic na mahirap matunaw na aabutin pa ng 1,000 taon bago matunaw, at ito ay pumupunta sa mga dalampasigan o di kaya sa mga estero, mga dagat at iba pang mga katubigan. Ang basura ang nagdudulot ng malawakang polusyon sa tubig na kumikitil sa mga isda at iba pang akwatikong nilalang.

ILOG PASIG

FREEDOM ISLAND

Kalinisan sa Iskwelahan

Benignians sumusuporta sa Clean and Grean Program ng pamahalaan.

Bulungan Fish Port

Ano ang masasabi mo sa paligid?

Enerhiya Mula sa Basura

Dapat nating malaman na ang basura ay hindi lang nagtatapos sa basurahan bagkos ito ay maaari ring mapagkukunan ng alternatibong suplay ng enerhiya. Ang basura ay isa sa mga bagay na naglalabas ng methane gas na pagdumaan sa proseso ito at magiging elektrisidad. Nariyan ang Payatas Controlled Area na pinamumunuan ni Col. Jaemil Haemalin, Head of Payatas Operation Group na nagsusuplay ng enerhiya sa mga kabahayan sa paligod nito mula sa plantang Pangea Green Energy sa ilalim ng pamumuno ni Ms. Joy Gonzales. Salamat sa gabay ni Ms. Alma Ferareza ng DENR sa pagkakataong ibinigay sa amin upang aming matunghayan ang kahalahagan ng tamang pamamahala basura upang lubos na kapakipakinang at makakatulong sa kalikasan.

BASURA SA ATING ILOG

ISA KAMI: ANG KULISAP

Sa paglipas ng panahon, maraming mga pagbabago ang nagaganap sa ating kapaligiran. Sa pagakakaroon ng pagbabago sa kalikasan,sa mga gusali at sa mga tao, lubos na naapektuhan ang ating Inang Kalikasan. Nagiging benepisyo man ito sa atin hindi naman natin namamalayan ang sakit na dulot nito sa ating Inang Kalikasan. Sadya man o hindi, kailangan natin tanggapin na tayong lahat na tao, na dapat sana’y siyang nag-aalaga sa gawa ng Maykapal ay siya ring unti-unitng umuubos, sumisira at pumapatay rito.
Nito lang ay isinama kami ng aming guro sa Araling Panlipunan sa Maynila upang magdokumentaryo kasama ang iba pa naming kamg-aral tungkol sa mga masasaklap na nangyayari sa ating mga ilog. Isa na nga rito ang Ilog Pasig.
Sa aming pagdating sa Ilog Pasig, isang masangsang na amoy ang sumalubong sa amin. Hindi nito maikakaila na ang ilog hanggang ngayon ay puno pa rin ng mga basura na hindi man Makita sa ibabaw ay tambak-tambak naman sa kailaliman nito. Sa gilid ng ilog, isang pamilya an gaming nakakuwentuhan. Wala mang bahay, nagsisilbi pa ring tahanan sa kanila ang ilog na iyon. Sa Ilog Pasig, doon sila naghuhugas, nangingisda,kumakain at doon nila ginagawa ang mga gawain dapat sana’y sa loob ng bahay ginagawa.
Sunod naman ay pinuntahan namin ang Bulungan, Paranaque. Dito namin unang nasilayan ang hitsura ng isang patay na dagat. Marumi, gaya ng Ilog Pasig, marami ring basura. Ang tubig ay gumagalaw lamang kapag hinahangin. Ngunit ang totoo, ito ay walang daloy, ang tubig ay walang patutunguhan. Gayon rin kaya ang buhay ng mga nakatira dito?
Pinasok naming ang kanilang palengke. Wala pang bentahan ng mga oras na iyon. Pahinga yata nila. Isang batang lalaki ang nakausap namin. Jomar ang pakilala niya. Nagtratrabaho raw siya sa lugar na iyon, huminto sa pag-aaral dahil na rin sa hirap ng buhay at para kumita ng pera. Linyang madalas naming nababasa sa dyaryo at naririnig sa mga komersyal na ngayon ay sa harap na mismi ng dose-anyos na bata namin narinig. Doon naming napagtanto ang pagiging maswerte naming sa buhay. Gayon pa man, nakakahiyang aminin ngunit kami pa rin ay isang taga-sira ng Inang Kalikasan.
Isang nagkukwentong mangingisda naman an gaming pinakinggan. Sardeno Labitao ang kanyang pangalan. Bagsakan lamang raw ang palengkeng iyon na akala nami’y ang mga lamang dagat na ibinibenta nila ay galing sa patay na dagat sa tabi nito. Pero tama kami, nakakagulat na may mga isda pa rin palang nabubuhay doon.
Sumakay kami sa isang bangka, nais sana naming makita kung may mga taong nakatura sa malagubat na kakahuyan sa gitna ng patay na dagat. Tinatawag nila itong Freedom Island. Sabi ni Manong Serdeno, may anim na purok raw sa island na iyon. Siya pa nga raw ay nabibilang sa purok tres. Pagdating ng bangkang aming sinakyan sa baybayin ng ilog na iyon, isang sandamakmak na basura ang tumambad sa amin. Sa katunayan, huli na ng maisip naming baybayin pala iyon. Inikot kami ni Kuya Adolfo sa island. Siya ang nagsilbing tour guide namin. Imbis na mga tao sa gitna ng island ang makita namin, walang katapusan na basura ang siya lamang kinahantungan namin.
Masaya kami. Masaya kami dahil namulat kami sa mga nangyayri kay Inang Kalikasan at sa mga taong damay rito. Ngunit halo-halong negatibong reaksyon ang pilit kumawala sa aming damdamin. Hindi naming alam kung sino and dapat sisihi sa ganitong kalagayan, ang mga tao ba sa paligid nila o ang pamahalaan? Basta, isa lang ang malinaw sa amin, isa kami sa bilyon-bilyong tao na sumisira sa Inang Kalikasan at isa rin kami sa mga taong gagawa at gagawa ng paraan para ipamulat rin sa ibang tao ang mga realidad na ito. Ang ilang pirasong papel na ito ay galing sa isang puno, kaya’t sana’y isapuso at isaispi nating lahat ang mga benepisyong ibinibigay ng libre ng Inang Kalikasan. Nawa’y wag nating hayaan tuluyan siyang maubos at maglaho sa isang iglap.